Do not try this at home! Liquid nitrogen should only be handled by experts. Watch the slow-motion video carefully, and observe how the Brute garbage can the blue seamless one deforms during the explosion. The multi-colored garbage can does not fare as well. Scientists are interested in the details of how volcanoes erupt, so they analyze temperature, pressure, and the chemistry of magma. Some volcanologists study the way gas bubbles nucleate and expand, using laboratory models to simulate magma processes.
Gases are dissolved in magma at pressures many thousands of times atmospheric pressure. Volcanic gas is dissolved in magma; at the surface of the earth, it escapes to the atmosphere. The sudden release of pressure on a confined gas produces an explosion. On the wax paper, carefully use a knife to crush and cut four Mentos candies into many small pieces. An adult may help you cut up the candies.
What does the inside of the candies look like? Tape the tube together on the side. Make sure that the bottle is on a level surface and stably standing straight. Why do you think all of this is important? Line up where the opening of the bottle is with the opening of your cartridge. Quickly pull out the flat index card, releasing the Mentos candies into the bottle. Then step back without tipping the bottle over or disturbing the reaction.
About how high did the eruption go? How much cola is left in the bottle? As with the first bottle, remove the cap and place the flat index card on top, covering the hole. Put on your eye protection and start the video camera. Quickly pull out the flat index card, releasing the crushed Mentos into the bottle, then step back without tipping the bottle over or disturbing the reaction.
How high did the eruption appear to go? How much liquid is left in the bottle? Is it more or less than the amount that was left when you used whole candies? Remove the pack of Mentos from the tube. Close off one end of the tube by cutting a little circle or square of paper and taping it to one end of the tube. Put the open end of your tube of Mentos on the card and place it directly over the opening of the soda bottle.
When you are ready, remove the card and let all the Mentos drop into the soda at once and quickly move out of the way. The carbon dioxide molecules attach to the surfaces of the Mentos like they did in the cup of soda. All those Mentos in a lot of soda make a lot of bubbles that rise to the surface and push the soda out in a big woosh! Mentos and Diet Coke! Have you ever noticed that when you put a straw in soda pop, the straw gets a lot of bubbles on it?
Why does that happen? Generally, water molecules like to stay next to each other, which prevents any dissolved gases from collecting. However, when offered a surface, called a nucleation site, dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide can gather, eventually forming a bubble.
The sides of a bottle serve this purpose. When the bubble gets big enough, it breaks surface tension with the side of the bottle and floats up. A bottle of soda that gets shaken up releases the gas bubbles into the solution, making the soda supersaturated with carbon dioxide.
This causes the carbon dioxide to get released quicker when you open it, causing a foamy explosion. Mentos candies accelerate this reaction through two primary means.
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