In pre-Hispanic times, cotton was a very significant crop, which the Totonacs used to make cotton armor. The province of Cempoallan, and its associated Totonac towns and fortifications, could mobilize up to 50, warriors at a time. The natives of Cempoallan, incited by the neighboring Tlaxcalans who remained an independent enclave within the Aztec Empire , continuously rebelled against the Mexica.
Even the last Mexica emperor Moctezuma II spent the early years of his reign leading campaigns against the Indians of Veracruz. Moctezuma began his reign in and stayed in power until This route would become very significant with the arrival of the Spaniards in The city of Jalapa is now the capital of Veracruz.
It should be noted that Tochpan present-day Tuxpan is at the most northerly reaches the Aztec Empire on the Gulf of Mexico Coast, and Tochpan is more than 90 miles south of Tampico Tamaulipas.
Veracruz thus became the first city founded by the Spaniards on the North American continent. Even today, Veracruz remains as one of the most important commercial and industrial centers of Mexico. He had a force of at least Spanish soldiers, Cuban Indian servants, 1, Cempoalans and other Totonac warriors and seven pieces of artillery.
They also had 15 horses, reserved exclusively for the captains of the army. The Spanish army was thus beefed up with more than a thousand native warriors and porters, who dragged the cannon and carried supplies. The Aztec Empire of had been the most powerful Mesoamerican kingdom of all time.
The multi-ethnic, multi-lingual realm stretched for more than 80, square miles through many parts of what is now central and southern Mexico. But, with the downfall of Moctezuma and his empire, most of the Aztec Empire was dismantled and devolved to the control of their Spaniards and their indigenous allies. This meant that most of what is now Veracruz became subject to the Spanish Empire. The Totonacs had taken an active part in the campaign as allies of the Spaniards.
In addition to giving ready allegiance to the Spaniards, they embraced the Roman Catholic faith of the Europeans.
As early as , the Franciscans first started working among the Totonac people of the highlands. The Augustinians arrived a decade later to proselytize the Totonacs along the border region of Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz. Transportation and communications were difficult. Today, the Totonacs of Puebla and Veracruz, numbering about ,, are industrious farmers.
Their chief crop is sugar cane, from which they manufacture sugar in their own mills. Dancing and festivals are important elements of their culture. Although some of their festivals retain elements of their ancient sacrificial rites, most of the Totonacs are Roman Catholic today.
The Huastecos — also known as Teenek — represent the northernmost extension of the Mayan language family in Mexico. The Huastecs were organized into small feudal states governed by rulers who had absolute authority over their subjects. Like their Totonac neighbors, the Huastecos had been forced to pay tribute to the Mexica in the form of skins, paper, cotton and blankets.
However, when the Spaniards arrived in their territory, the Huastecos did not cooperate with them as the neighboring Tlaxcalans and Totonacs had. In , the Huastecos wiped out a small Spanish settlement that had been set up in their territory.
However, further revolts by the Huastecos in late and were put down with great cruelty. In spite of their battles with both the Mexica and the Spaniards, the Huastecos continue to survive today, maintaining many aspects of their traditional culture and language. Huastecan music and dancing have influenced the musical folklore of Mexico.
Today this topographically and climatically diverse area is considered a rich agricultural region with an abundance of water from the riverine systems flowing to the Gulf. Geographically it has been defined as the area running from the Sierra Madre Oriental to the Gulf of Mexico with the Sierra de Tamaulipas as the northern border and the Cazones River as its southern border. Many scholars see southern Veracruz a distinctive region that has its own identity from the rest of the state.
Southern Veracruz is mainly populated by two ethnic groups, the Popoluca and the Nahua the language of the Aztecs , as well as some Zapotec, Zoque, Mixtecs and Mazatecs.
The Popoluca Indians inhabit the southeastern part of the state of Veracruz, not far from the border with Tabasco State. All four Popoluca groups speak mutually unintelligible languages classified within the Mixe-Zoquean family and are culturally and linguistically similar to the Mixe and Zoque Indians of nearby Chiapas and Oaxaca. Most of the Oaxacan indigenous groups — including the Zapotecs and Mixtecs — belong to this language family.
These regions are at the southern boundary of the Huasteca Region. The Tepehua religion retains beliefs and practices that are rooted in their pre-Hispanic past. It is believed that the remoteness of Tepehua territory played some role in the failure of evangelists to convert the Tepehua during the colonial era.
Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Profit from additional features by authenticating your Admin account. Then you will be able to mark statistics as favourites and use personal statistics alerts.
Please log in to access our additional functions. Yes, let me download! Exclusive Corporate feature. Corporate Account. Statista Accounts: Access All Statistics.
Basic Account. You only have access to basic statistics. Single Account. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Corporate solution including all features. Statistics on " Demography in France " The most important statistics. The most important statistics. Further related statistics. Economic Charts. States by Population U. Veracruz, Mexico Metro Area Population Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Veracruz, Mexico metro area from to United Nations population projections are also included through the year The current metro area population of Veracruz in is , , a 1.
The metro area population of Veracruz in was , , a 1. Download Historical Data Save as Image. Retrieved
0コメント