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This, albeit a substantial increase of in the DAG-pool of the developing transgenic crambe seeds compared to the DAG pool of developing seeds of wild type crambe Guan et al. Thus, additional obstacles in the enrichment of in the TAG synthesis of crambe seeds appears to exist. This indicates that there is a bottleneck in accumulation of trierucin in the genetically modified crambe due to DGATs with no, or poor, specificities towards the diDAG substrate.
Only then is it possible to pinpoint enzymes constituting potential bottlenecks in attempts to achieve a certain oil quality in oilseeds. Both DAG species must be minor in crambe seed oil as and is virtually absent at sn-1 Li et al.
The in planta relevance of the obtained specificities is questionable with the here gained knowledge that the acyl-CoA specificity can be highly dependent on the acyl acceptor FA composition. The bottleneck in the synthesis of trierucin by DGAT crambe is not evident when only looking at the results derived from in vitro assays utilizing the artificial acyl-acceptor.
This is not making the artificial diDAG unfit for DGAT assays since it has other merits; it is easier to carry out assays due to its water solubility, and less radioactivity is required due to generally higher specific activities than with added long-chain DAG. However, the results should be confirmed using long-chain DAGs in the assays.
Assays made with microsomal preparations of yeast concluded the Arabidopsis DGAT2 enzyme to be essentially inactive Burgal et al. Finally, Ayme et al. Our results clearly show that in those cases, it may be challenging to discriminate between an inactive enzyme and an enzyme unable to utilize the available endogenous substrates.
This effect was, however, not evident in a subsequent study Shockey et al. Bates et al. The authors conclude that newly produced FAs are most frequently added to the glycerolipid synthesis through acyl editing on PC and that the acyl editing flux is higher than that of the FA synthesis.
It would be desirable to gain more knowledge of DGATs possible involvement in the formation of the apparent distinct metabolic pools of DAG. In support of this assumption, crambe seeds have been shown to have very low interconversion of PC and DAG Guan et al. Griffiths et al. Griffiths and Harwood, However, PC could still play an important role in crambe TAG assembly by transporting into the site for elongation to Bao et al.
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